基于神经网络的模糊理论在桥梁状态评估中的应用

探讨了模糊数学中的隶属函数在桥梁技术等级状态评估中的应用.在研究现有桥梁状态评估方法的基础上,把人工神经网络和模糊数学理论结合起来应用于大跨度预应力斜拉桥的等级状态评估,建立了基于三层神经元的模糊神经网络模型,并建立结构损伤度函数及等级隶属度模型,通过样本学习训练,获取评估专家的知识及直觉思维,最终确定桥梁所对应的技术状态等级.以检测的480组索力数据作为学习样本,另外4组作为验证样本进行了索力状态评估预测.计算结果表明,网络预测值与期望值吻合良好.     

水下无线传感器网络的节点精确定位

以无线传感器网络(WSN)水下应用为背景,针对特定的环境要求,提出了一种可实现网络规模升级的分布式无锚点网络节点自定位机制。该定位算法通过距离误差估计和分布式坐标计算方法,有效地减少了由于测量距离误差所带来的坐标计算误差和节点坐标计算所带来的通信开销,有利于网络节点能量的合理使用和大规模的WSN布放。通过试验仿真计算,验证了该定位机制的合理性,为水下WSN应用提供了有力的技术支持。     

防化研究院履约十年回顾

《禁止化学武器公约》生效10周年之际,简要回顾公约生效以来防化研究院参与的履约研究、核查接待、单一小规模设施建设、指定实验室建设、日本遗弃化武处理等各个方面的履约活动,以期总结经验,展望未来。     

Terrorism as Method in Nepali Maoist Insurgency, 1996–2016

During the period 1996–2006, the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) waged overt people’s war to seize state power and institute a new order that realized the party’s understanding of ‘New Democracy’ as posited by Mao Tse-tung. Contextual shifts led to a crucial strategic turning point in September 2005, when the Maoists agreed to a united front with estranged legal parties to oust the monarchy and establish a republic. Though touted as acceptance of political reintegration, the move was tactical rather than strategic. The party had no intention of supporting a parliamentary version of democracy and thus, 2006–2016, engaged in a covert effort to seize power. Central to this effort was the paramilitary Young Communist League (YCL), the members of which responded to inflammatory party verbiage and exhortations with attacks upon rival political actors. These attacks, academically and legally, were terrorism and offered a salient illustration of intra-state unrestricted warfare. Ultimately, organizational, national, and regional circumstances caused the main Maoist movement to move decisively away from its covert approach. By that time, however, radical splinters had embraced the use of terrorism against rival political actors, creating a situation whereby local politics is yet a dangerous endeavor in certain areas and at certain times.     

What-If at Waterloo. Carl von Clausewitz’s use of historical counterfactuals in his history of the Campaign of 1815

In this article, I analyze the use of historical counterfactuals in the Campaign of 1815 by Carl von Clausewitz (1780–1831). Such is the importance of counterfactuals in this work that its gist can be given in a series of 25 counterfactuals. I claim that a central role is played by evaluative counterfactuals. This specific form of counterfactuals is part of a didactic method that allows Clausewitz to teach young officers a critical method that prepares them for the challenge of decision-making in real warfare. I conclude with the enduring relevance of Clausewitz’s use of evaluative counterfactuals for contemporary military historiography.     

航拍图像车辆检测中的圆形滤波器HOG特征快速计算

航拍图像中车辆一般近似为矩形结构,因此通过统计检测窗口中的梯度方向直方图并根据梯度主方向估计车辆朝向,将检测窗口旋转到相应方向进行分类器判别。车辆检测采用级联boosting分类器和梯度方向直方图特征,针对旋转窗口中梯度方向直方图特征的计算,设计一种基于圆形滤波器的梯度方向直方图特征。与传统基于积分直方图的梯度方向直方图特征提取方法相比,显著提高了旋转窗口中梯度方向直方图特征的计算效率,在计算每个像素的梯度时采用查找表代替梯度向量的求模和角度计算也减小了计算量。使用真实图像进行的实验表明,该车辆检测算法快速高效。     

(修，2撤3)关键几何参数对超声速膨胀器流场和性能影响的数值研究

为了揭示关键几何参数对超声速膨胀器流动特性影响的规律,对3种隔板安装角和5种出进口面积比超声速膨胀器设计工况下的流场进行了数值研究。结果表明：随隔板安装角增加,斜激波向出口迁移,斜激波强度略有降低,超声速膨胀器膨胀比减小,效率提高;随出进口面积比增加,流道内高速区显著扩大并逐渐靠近压力面,斜激波增强,出口流动损失增加,超声速膨胀器膨胀比增大,效率降低。为获得综合性能较优超声速膨胀器结构,需在较小出进口面积比和较大隔板安装角之间做折衷选择。     

(Re-)emergent orders: understanding the negotiation(s) of rebel governance

Abstract

The concept of order is often neglected in the study of conflict – seemingly such a ‘disordering’ process. With the recent increase in the examination of rebel governance however, bringing order back into our understanding of rebel and insurgent groups has much to offer in exploring the everyday politics which connect authorities, rebel movements and the population itself, in a complex mass of intersubjective and power-based interactions and negotiations. Rebels both shape and are shaped by existing forms of order in complex and ongoing ways. This article explores how varying elements interact in the negotiation, framing and enforcement of order and develops an original analytical framework to examine the perpetual negotiations of rebel movements in their attempts to cement their control.     

预冷却引射系统性能一维分析

根据引射器的一维设计理论可知,二次流在进入混合室之前进行预冷降温可以提高引射效率,增大引射系数,但引入预冷器会同时引起流动损失,故需要对引射系统进行性能评估。针对设有预冷器的引射系统,应用一维理论分析预冷对系统性能的影响,重点分析预冷增强效果与流阻减弱效果对引射效率的作用。研究发现:预冷器对引射系统同时带来冷却增强作用和流阻减弱作用,横截面积和换热面积是主要影响因素。预冷器存在临界横截面积,横截面积大于临界值时,换热面积越大,引射性能越高;反之,换热面积越大,引射性能越低。等压混合引射方案比等截面混合引射方案性能高,前者引射系数比后者大60%;预冷却能够有效提高引射性能,尤其是等截面混合引射方案,性能提高可达35.5%。